What are Article Processing Charges (APCs)?
Article Processing Charges are fees charged by publishers to cover the costs of publishing academic articles in open access journals. These charges support the various stages of publication, including peer review management, manuscript preparation, web hosting, and making the article freely available to readers worldwide. Unlike traditional subscription-based models where readers pay to access content, APCs shift the cost to authors or their institutions.
When do I need to pay APCs?
You typically need to pay APCs when publishing in fully open access journals or when choosing the open access option in hybrid journals (journals that offer both subscription and open access options). The payment is usually required after your paper has been accepted for publication but before it is published. Some journals may request APC payment during submission, but this is less common.
How much are typical APC fees?
APC fees vary significantly across publishers and journals. Top-tier open access journals might charge between €2,000 to €9,500 per article. Mid-range journals typically charge €1,200 to €2,500. Some journals, particularly those in developing regions or supported by institutions, may charge lower fees or no fees at all. Factors affecting the fee include:
Journal's prestige and impact factor
Publisher size and infrastructure
Included services and features
Geographic location and market
Are there ways to reduce or avoid APC payments?
Several options exist to reduce or avoid APC payments:
Institutional agreements: Many institutions have agreements with publishers that cover or discount APCs for their affiliated researchers
Waivers and discounts: Many journals offer full or partial APC waivers for researchers from low- and middle-income countries
Research funding: Many funding bodies include provisions for APC payments in their grants
Alternative venues: Consider journals that don't charge APCs while maintaining quality standards
What services are covered by APCs?
APCs typically cover these services:
Manuscript handling and peer review management
Editorial oversight and communication
Technical editing and formatting
XML markup and metadata creation
Platform hosting and maintenance
Long-term digital preservation
Article promotion and indexing
Customer support for authors and readers
DOI registration and maintenance
Are APCs tax-deductible?
APC payments may be tax-deductible as professional expenses in some jurisdictions. However, this varies by country and specific circumstances. Consult with your institution's financial office or a tax professional for guidance specific to your situation.
What happens if I can't pay the APC?
If you cannot pay the APC, consider these options:
Contact the journal about waiver possibilities
Explore funding options through your institution
Consider publishing in a subscription-based journal
Look for quality journals with lower or no APCs
Check if your co-authors' institutions can cover the cost
How do I know if an APC is legitimate?
To verify if an APC request is legitimate:
Check if the journal is listed in trusted databases like DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)
Verify the publisher's membership in organizations like OASPA
Ensure the APC amount matches what's listed on the journal's website
Confirm the payment is requested through official channels
Watch for red flags like dramatically lower fees or pressure to pay quickly
Can I include APCs in grant proposals?
Yes, many funding agencies now recognize APCs as legitimate research costs. When writing grant proposals:
Include estimated APC costs in your budget
Check your funder's specific policies
Consider potential increases in APC rates
Include contingency funds for additional publications
Document the importance of open access publishing
What's the difference between APCs and submission fees?
Submission fees are charged when you submit a manuscript, regardless of acceptance. They are typically much lower than APCs and cover initial processing costs. APCs are charged only upon acceptance and cover the entire publication process. Some journals charge both fees, but this is relatively uncommon.
How are APC amounts determined?
Publishers typically determine APC amounts based on:
Operational costs (staff, infrastructure, systems)
Journal impact factor and prestige
Market competition
Additional services offered
Geographic location and target author base
Publishing volume and economies of scale
Institutional partnerships and agreements
What should I consider when budgeting for APCs?
When planning your publication budget:
Research current APC rates for target journals
Account for potential annual increases
Check for institutional agreements
Consider alternative funding sources
Factor in possible additional charges
Keep records for tax purposes
Plan for potential submission fees
How do I request an APC waiver?
To request an APC waiver:
Check the journal's waiver policy before submission
Submit your request as early as possible
Provide clear justification
Include relevant documentation
Demonstrate financial need if required
Follow up professionally
Consider alternatives if denied